textual criticism
While most assume that textual scholarship is the means by which fixed texts are established, it is, in fact, a discipline for the effective management of fluid texts. It is also a method for making sense of textual fluidities, and as a ‘making’ of sense, it reflects the judgments of the makers of texts, both the originating writer and subsequent editors; it is, therefore, inescapably critical. […] Textual scholarship and editing are professional phenomena that occur when people recognize that a particular document is so artistically compelling, historically important, critically relevant, or even financially promising that they want to see it reproduced.
(Bryant 2002, 17-18)